While many Romanians revere the 15th-century prince nicknamed ‘Vlad the Impaler’ as a national hero, a Turkish production has stirred a debate by presenting a darker side
Launched at the end of December on Netflix, the second season of the Turkish historical docudrama Rise of Empires: Ottoman is captivating audiences all over Romania – but also irritating them, Balkan Insight reports.
The series follows Mehmed II, the sultan who made his name in history by conquering the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, and by his campaign against a Wallachian king named Vlad Tepes.
Not that many people outside Romania have heard of Tepes, a scourge of the Ottoman Turks in 15th-century Wallachia (nowadays southern Romania). But they will have heard of him under the name Vlad the Impaler, who is often confused with the entirely fictional character of Dracula created by Bram Stocker.
Tepes, called “the Impaler” for his brutality, led Romanian resistance to the Ottomans after they invaded the country in the mid-15th century. He later burned the suburbs of the town of Brasov in Transylvania and killed hundreds of the ethnic German “Saxons” living there.
It marked him as a sadist who enjoyed killing and torturing people. Legends of his cruelty were passed down the generations through pamphlets published in Germany.
But for many Romanians, the Wallachian prince is a national hero and a symbol of the fight against corruption. Mostly because of the way he is presented in history textbooks, as an anti-Ottoman fighter and as a harsh punisher of the rich, Tepes is popular mainly among people who admire a tough, non-nonsense leader.
But his image in the Turkish historical docudrama offers a new and surprising perspective for the average Romanian.
The series goes into detail about Tepes’ upbringing in Turkey, where he learned, for example, the famous hanging technique, as well as his relationship with Sultan Mehmed II. According to the series, they were soul mates.
Unsurprisingly, many people feel disappointed. “This film is nothing more than a narrative favourable to Mehmed, but it is far from the historical truth. Vlad was a dignified ruler, a God-fearing and dignified Romanian who did not bow to the pagan Ottomans,” one of the many angry comments on social media says.
“The way Vlad Tepes is presented [here] is in a stark contrast to his idealised figure in Romanian history books,” Claudia Tanase, a 29-years-old IT engineer in Bucharest, said.
“But at least I enjoyed the docudrama style of the series, in which new historic information is presented in a dynamic and visual way,” he added.
Beside the general public, historians and public figures also have passionate views about the Turkish historical docudrama.
Some hail the series as one of the best-ever film adaptations of Tepes’s life. “It is much better than the Romanian so-called historical films of the Communist period or the crappy fantasy films of recent years,” said Andrei Pogacias, a military expert.
He referenced the countless films, comic strips and other works that depict Vlad Tepes as a blood-sucking prince.
“It may be annoying that foreigners have such a muddled view of Romanian history, but a film like this Turkish docudrama is a good way to enlighten them – and a Romanian audience as well,” Pogacias added.
But historian Adrian Gheorghe, from the Corpus Draculianum project, completely disagreed.
While noticing a lot of inaccuracies and illogical things, mostly related to events but also to the costumes and the military equipment used, Gheorghe disapproves of the “ideological narrative” of the series.
“The movie reflects the perspective of the Ottoman Empire of that time: a strong nation, led by a powerful leader who has to face a bloodthirsty and dishonest prince,” Gheorghe said.
He added that the series serves the narrative of contemporary Turkey’s neo-Ottoman ambitions, manipulating the past to suit a current political agenda.
For this historian, Vlad Tepes is presented like a “classical American villain who smiles sadistically in every scene, and behaves like the lowest scum even with his most faithful servants.
“The series is just a combination of Hollywood style-movies and Turkish soap-operas,” Gheorghe added.
Despite the different interpretations of the historic character Vlad Tepes and of the broader context in which he lived, the Netflix series has opened a debate in Romania that experts say can only be beneficial.
“The vivid public debate stirred by the series shows that Romania needs a larger, European understanding of its own history … as even current textbook historiography remains largely tributary to a nationalistic perspective and to an instrumentalised interpretations of the past,” said sociologist Mihai Maci.
Since joining the European Union in 2007, Romania has gradually started to phase out its ethnic-nationalist teaching of history in favour of one that does not rely on biased nationalist narratives.
Major improvements have been made, mainly in the way the Holocaust and the Communist period are taught in primary and secondary schools – though many other historical topics are still presented from a purely local perspective.